W. G. Collingwood (1854-1932)
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Bydd unrhyw ymgais i grynhoi. diddordebau a chyflawniadau eang W. G. Collingwood yn lleihaol o reidrwydd. Ac yntau’n cael ei adnabod gan y rhai o’i gwmpas fel Gershom, cafodd fywyd diddorol a bywiog, ac mae’n haeddu mwy o gydnabyddiaeth ryngwladol nag y mae’n ei gael ar hyn o bryd.
Roedd Gershom yn artist llwyddiannus, awdur toreithiog, athro’r celfyddydau cain, cyfrinachwr agosaf John Ruskin a’i gofiannydd cyntaf, arbenigwr mewn astudiaethau Islandaidd, cyfieithydd sagâu Islandeg, dylunydd croesau cofebau rhyfel, gan gynnwys yr un yn Coniston, lle’r oedd y teulu’n byw. |
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Any attempt to summarise W. G. Collingwood’s wide-ranging interests and achievements is necessarily reductive. Known to those around him as Gershom, he lived a fascinating and vibrant life, and deserves more international recognition than he currently receives.
Gershom was a successful artist, prolific writer, professor of fine arts, John Ruskin’s closest confidant and first biographer, an expert in Icelandic studies, translator of Icelandic sagas, and designer of war memorial crosses, including the one at Coniston, where the family lived. |
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Nodiadau a chronoleg ar gyfer gwaith W. G. Collingwood ar Gofiant John Ruskin.
Yn ogystal â bod yn ffrind agos i John Ruskin, Gershom oedd ei gofiannydd cyntaf, gan gyhoeddi The Life of John Ruskin yn 1893. Mae llythyrau yn yr archif yn dangos bod Ruskin yn cadw llygad ar waith cynnar Gershom ar ei gofiant, fel mae Gershom yn ensynio yn Rhagair y Seithfed Argraffiad (a gyhoeddwyd yn 1911). Nid bod hynny’n beth anarferol i Ruskin ei wneud; mae Archif Collingwood yn cynnwys casgliad rhyfeddol o lythyrau lle maent yn eu herio ei gilydd yn gyson ynghylch agweddau ar eu gwaith. |
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Notes and chronology for W. G. Collingwood’s work on John Ruskin’s Biography.
As well as being a close friend of John Ruskin, Gershom was also Ruskin’s first biographer, first publishing The Life of John Ruskin in 1893. Letters in the archive show that Ruskin kept a close eye on Gershom’s early work on his biography, as Gershom alludes in the Preface to the Seventh Edition (published in 1911). Not that this was an unusual thing for Ruskin to do; the Collingwood Archive contains a fascinating collection of letters in which they consistently challenge each other on all aspects of their work. |
W. G. Collingwood, The Life of John Ruskin, 1911.
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W. G. Collingwood: Tirweddau Islandaidd (1890au hwyr)
Yn 1897, cychwynnodd Gershom ar daith dywys o Wlad yr Iâ gyda Dr Jón Stefánsson, ysgolhaig Islandaidd blaenllaw. Gyda’i gilydd, ysgrifenasant A pilgrimage to the saga-steads of Iceland, ac fe wnaethon nhw gynhyrchu cyfieithiad o saga Kormák o’r enw The Life and Death of Kormac the Skald. Yn ystod ei deithiau o amgylch Gwlad yr Iâ, cynhyrchodd Gershom ddarluniau a lluniau dyfrlliw, y mae llawer ohonynt yn Amgueddfa Genedlaethol Gwlad yr Iâ. Un o uchafbwyntiau Archif Collingwood yw cyfres fawr o’r tirweddau monocromatig dyfrlliw hynod atgofus o Wlad yr Iâ. |
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W. G. Collingwood's Icelandic landscapes (late 1890s)
In 1897, Gershom embarked on a tour of Iceland with Dr Jón Stefánsson, a prominent Icelandic scholar. Together they wrote A pilgrimage to the saga-steads of Iceland, and produced a translation of Kormáks saga entitled, The Life and Death of Kormac the Skald. During his travels around Iceland, Gershom produced hundreds of sketches and watercolours, many of which are in the National Museum of Iceland in Reykjavik. One of the highlights of the Collingwood Archive is a large series of his highly evocative monochromatic watercolour landscapes of Iceland. |
W. G. Collingwood, Faces in the Fire, 1885.
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Mae darluniau Gershom o’r cytserau’n drawiadol brydferth ac yn cyfleu mewnwelediad i’r ddealltwriaeth hwyr-Fictoraidd o seryddiaeth.
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Gershom’s illustrations of the constellations are strikingly beautiful and convey an insight into the late-Victorian understanding of astronomy.
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W. G. Collingwood, After Tea, 1889.
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Ysgrifennwyd a darluniwyd y llyfr plant cyfareddol hwn gan Gershom ar gyfer ei ddwy ferch hynaf, Dora a Barbara. Mae’n cynnwys enghreifftiau gwreiddiol a diddorol o straeon rhybuddiol y cyfnod hwyr-Fictoraidd, yn ogystal â darluniau dychmygus o’r byd ehangach.
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This fascinating children’s book was written and intricately illustrated by Gershom for his two eldest daughters, Dora and Barbara. It contains original and intriguing examples of late-Victorian cautionary tales, as well as imaginative illustrations of the wider world.
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