R. G. Collingwood (1889-1943)
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Roedd Robin George Collingwood yn athronydd Idealaidd Prydeinig blaenllaw ac archeolegydd a hanesydd arysgrifau Rhufeinig ym Mhrydain. Unig fab yr artistiaid W. G. Collingwood a'i wraig, Edith Mary "Dorrie" Isaac, mae’n bosibl mai Robin yw aelod mwyaf adnabyddus teulu Collingwood.
Roedd Robin yn fyfyriwr eithriadol yng Ngholeg y Brifysgol, Rhydychen. Yn 23 oed, a chyn iddo raddio, fe’i hetholwyd yn gymrawd yng Ngholeg Penfro, ac wedi hynny fe’i penodwyd yn Athro Waynflete Athroniaeth Fetaffisegol yng Ngholeg Magdalen, Rhydychen, a Chymrawd o’r Academi Brydeinig. Yn ei hunangofiant, mae Robin yn cnoi cil ar y modd y dylanwadwyd ar ei waith diweddarach gan ei blentyndod a’i deulu. Mae Archif Collingwood yn cynnwys cyfoeth o ffynonellau sydd ar y cyfan heb eu harchwilio, sy’n goleuo ymhellach yr hyn a wyddom am waith, bywyd, a theulu y dyn rhyfeddol hwn. |
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Robin George Collingwood was both a leading British Idealist philosopher and an archaeologist and historian of the Roman Inscriptions in Britain. The only son of artists W. G. Collingwood and his wife, Edith Mary “Dorrie” Isaac, Robin is perhaps the most well-known member of the Collingwood family.
Robin was an exceptional student at University College, Oxford. At the age of 23, and prior to his graduation, he was elected as a fellow of Pembroke College and was later appointed Waynflete Professor of Metaphysical Philosophy at Magdalen College, Oxford, and a Fellow of the British Academy. In his autobiography, Robin reflects on how his future work and thinking were influenced by his childhood and his family. The Collingwood Archive contains a wealth of largely untapped primary sources that further illuminate what we know about the work, the life and the family of this remarkable man. |
R. G. Collingwood: ei raw archeolegol.
Er gwaethaf llwyddiant aruthrol Robin fel athronydd, nid dyma’i unig anrhydedd. Roedd hefyd yn hanesydd mawr ei barch ac arbenigwr mwyaf blaenllaw y byd ar archaeoleg arysgrifau Rhufeinig ym Mhrydain. Arweiniodd cloddfeydd archeolegol o amgylch Mur Hadrian ac mewn ffos gylchol ger Penrith, Cumbria, ac adwaenir hefyd fel Bord Gron Arthur. Ymgymerodd hefyd ag astudiaeth gynhwysfawr o arysgrifau Rhufeinig ledled Prydain Fawr. Cyflwynwyd y rhaw i F. Gerald Simpson, a arweiniodd grŵp o Bererinion, gan gynnwys Robin, ar daith dywys addysgol i Fur Hadrian. Mae Archif Collingwood yn cynnwys nifer o eitemau a roddwyd gan ferch F. G. Simpson, Grace. |
R. G. Collingwood’s archaeological spade.
Despite Robin’s immense success as a philosopher, this was not his only accolade. He was also a respected historian and the world’s leading expert on the archaeology of Roman inscriptions in Britain. He led archaeological excavations around Hadrian’s Wall and at a circular ring ditch near Penrith, Cumbria, known as King Arthur's Round Table. He also undertook a comprehensive study of Roman inscriptions across Great Britain. This spade was presented to F. Gerald Simpson, who led a group of Pilgrims, including Robin, on an educational tour of Hadrian’s Wall. The Collingwood Archive includes many items donated by F. G. Simpson’s daughter Grace.e. |
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Llythyrau a ysgrifennwyd gan Robin Collingwood yn fachgen ifainc, Ebrill 1900.
Ysgrifennwyd y llythyrau hyn gan Robin i Beatrice Willink, ffrind agos i’r teulu a adnabuwyd yn serchus fel “Mrs Bee”. Fis Ebrill 1900, pan oedd ond 11 oed, ysgrifennodd Robin iddi am sgowtio. Yn ei lythyr cyntaf, mae’n atgynhyrchu mewn manylder technegol fap a wnaethpwyd gan sgowt, ac yn creu diagram yn dangos sut mae darllen olion traed ceffylau er mwyn sefydlu sut oedd yn symud. Yn ei ail lythyr, ysgrifennodd Robin gyda chyffro am gael gwisg Sgowtio, mesur afonydd, a chael help gan ei dad wrth fesur taldra. Efallai y gallem weld y llythyrau hyn fel rhagfynegiad o’r gwaith tir-fesuro archeolegol a wnâi Robin yn ddiweddarach yn ei fywyd. Derbyniodd Robin ei addysg gartref hyd nes yr oedd yn 13. Mae'r llythyrau hyn i Mrs Bee yn rhoi cipolwg annwyl ar sut y bu i Robin, yn ystod ei blentyndod, ddysgu am y byd o’i amgylch. Rhoddwyd llythyrau Robin o’i blentyndod i’r archif gan Mrs Jean Seabridge. |
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Letters written by Robin Collingwood as a young boy, April 1900.
These letters were written by Robin to Beatrice Willink, a close friend of the family affectionately known as “Mrs Bee”. Writing in April 1900 when he was just 11, Robin writes to her about scouting. In his first letter he reproduces in technical detail a map made by a scout, and creates a diagram illustrating how to read horses’ footprints to establish how the horse was moving. In his second letter, Robin writes with excitement about getting a scouting outfit, measuring rivers, and having help from his father measuring heights. Perhaps we could see these letters as a foreshadowing of the archaeological surveying work Robin would do in later life. Robin was home-schooled until he was 13. These letters to Mrs Bee provide an endearing insight into how Robin, in his childhood, learned about the world around him. Robin’s childhood letters were donated by Mrs Jean Seabridge. |
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Detholiad o lyfrau gan R. G Collingwood.
Cyhoeddodd Robin yn eang drwy gydol ei fywyd, ac mae golygiadau diwygiedig o’i waith yn dal i gael eu cyhoeddi hyd y dydd heddiw. Fel athronydd, mae’n fwyaf adnabyddus yn gyffredinol fel aelod blaenllaw mewn Idealaeth Brydeinig, er na wnaeth gofleidio Idealaeth fel label arno ef ei hun erioed. Ymhlith pynciau eraill, mae ei waith yn ymrafael ag athroniaethau hanes, natur, celf a chrefydd, yn ogystal â natur athroniaeth ei hun. Ar wahân i athroniaeth, cyhoeddodd hefyd weithiau ar Brydain Rufeinig, a llyfr taith o’r enw The First Mate's Log of a Voyage to Greece (1940), sy’n adrodd hanes mordaith hwylio ym Môr y Canoldir. |
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Selection of books by R. G. Collingwood.
Robin published widely throughout his life, and revised editions of his works continue to be published posthumously to this day. As a philosopher, he is generally renowned as a leading figure in British Idealism, although he never fully embraced Idealism as a label for himself. Among other subjects, his work wrestles with philosophies of history, nature, art and religion, as well as the nature of philosophy itself. Aside from philosophy, he also published works on Roman Britain, and a travel book entitled The First Mate's Log of a Voyage to Greece (1940), an account of a yachting voyage in the Mediterranean. |